英语国家概况Transition to the Modern AgePPT
Political DevelopmentsExpansion of British EmpireControl over India and China...
Political DevelopmentsExpansion of British EmpireControl over India and ChinaControl over large swathes of AfricaPosition as a superpowerDecline of Ottoman EmpireLoss of territory in Balkans and Middle EastOttoman Turks no longer seen as threat to EuropeansRise of NationalismEmergence of national states and national movementsAutonomy and self-determination became key demandsExamplesItaly, Germany, Austro-Hungary, RussiaEconomic DevelopmentsIndustrial RevolutionTransformative impact on economyDevelopment of factoriescoal, steam powerMass production and cheap goodsSocial and environmental impact (e.gpollution, worker exploitation)Growth of Global EconomyIntegration of markets across continentsIncrease in trade and investmentDevelopment of transnational corporations and banksDeindustrialization in Some CountriesLoss of manufacturing jobs in some regions (e.gcoal mining in UK)Move towards service economy in many Western countriesCultural DevelopmentsEmergence of Mass CultureDevelopment of popular musicfilm, radio, televisionMass media (e.gtabloids, pulp fiction) became important cultural forcesSpread of consumer culture and popular tastesDevelopment of Modernism in the ArtsBreakdown of traditional artistic forms and techniques (e.gpoetry, painting)Emphasis on individual expression and experimentation (e.gcubism, jazz)Search for new aesthetic and philosophical orientations (e.gexistentialism)
