英文计算机发展历程PPT
The history of the English computer industry is both fascinating and complex,...
The history of the English computer industry is both fascinating and complex, with roots tracing back to the mid-19th century. The following provides an overview of the significant milestones and advancements that shaped the development of the English computer industry.1800s: Early Mechanical LoomsThe origins of the modern computer can be traced back to the 19th century, when Englishman Charles Babbage designed and proposed a programmable computer known as the Difference Engine in 1822. This mechanical device used a system of gears and cogs to perform calculations, but was never fully realized due to technological limitations at the time.1840s: The Analytical EngineIn 1840, Babbage presented his second design - the Analytical Engine - which marked a significant advancement in computing concepts. The Analytical Engine was a more advanced mechanical computer that included a memory system and could perform a wider range of operations. However, it remained a prototype due to difficulties in funding and manufacturing it.1930s: The ColossusDuring World War II, a team of British mathematicians and engineers led by Tommy Flowers developed Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Colossus was designed to help with codebreaking efforts and was successfully used to decipher German messages. However, its development remained classified until the 1970s.1940s: The Manchester BabyIn 1948, FLETCHER and STILLMAN at the University of Manchester built and demonstrated the Manchester Baby, which was the world's first transistorized computer. The Baby was small enough to fit on a laboratory bench and was able to perform basic computations. This marked a significant milestone in the development of modern computers.1950s: The Transistor EraIn 1953, JOHN GAINT and SIR WILLIAM OAKLAND at the University of Manchester designed and built Metropolitan-Vickers (M-V), the first commercial transistor computer. The M-V used around 300 transistors and was about 10 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Manchester Baby. This was also the first time the term "computer" was officially used to describe this type of machine.1960s: The English Electric DEUCEIn 1962, CHARLES SUMNER led a team at English Electric to develop DEUCE, the first British commercial transistor computer. DEUCE used around 3000 transistors and could perform up to 300,000 operations per second. It was also one of the first computers to use magnetic core memory, which greatly improved data storage capabilities.1970s: The Babbage Institute and the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE)During the 1970s, two important organizations were established in England that would go on to shape the future of the computer industry: the Babbage Institute and the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE). The Babbage Institute was set up to conduct research and development in microelectronics, while RRE played a crucial role in developing Ferranti's commercially successful microprocessor designs based on Intel's 8008 microprocessor.1980s: The BBC Micro and Sinclair ZX SpectrumThe 1980s saw the rise of home computing in England, with two iconic British computers - the BBC Micro and the Sinclair ZX Spectrum - becoming popular worldwide. The BBC Micro was developed by Acorn Computers for the BBC's Computer Literacy Project, while the Sinclair ZX Spectrum was created by Sinclair Research. Both computers were relatively affordable and had a significant impact on popularizing computing in England and globally.1990s: The Raspberry Pi FoundationThe 1990s saw a surge in England's role in the global computer industry, with several innovative companies springing up. One of the most successful ventures was the Raspberry Pi Foundation, which was set up in 2006 with the aim of promoting computer programming and computer science education in schools. The Raspberry Pi, which is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed by the foundation, has become an extremely popular tool for teaching programming and hardware hacking worldwide.2000s: The Cloud and AI Revolution
