英文版计算机发展历程PPT
The journey of the modern computer dates back to the mid-20th century, but it...
The journey of the modern computer dates back to the mid-20th century, but its origins can be traced back further, to the mechanical calculators of the 17th century. Here, we will explore the evolution of the computer, from its early beginnings to the present day. Mechanical Calculators (1642-1890s)The first mechanical calculators were designed and built by various inventors throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The most famous of these was the Slide Rule invented by William Oughtred in 1632. Other notable devices include the Stepped Reckoner invented by Wilhelm Schickard in 1623 and the Difference Engine designed by Charles Babbage in 1834. The Birth of the Programmable Computer (1800s)The concept of a fully programmable computer first emerged in the 19th century. One of the earliest examples was the Analytical Engine designed by Babbage. Although never fully built, the principles behind Babbage's design formed the foundation for modern computers. Electronic Computers (1940s)During World War II, the need for complex calculations led to the development of electronic computers. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was one of the first examples, designed to solve ballistic equations. It was followed by the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC), which introduced the concept ofstored program architecture. The transistor era (1950s)The transistor was invented by Bell Labs in 1947, leading to the development of more reliable and powerful computers. IBM emerged as a leader in this era with its IBM 7000 series of computers, which used transistors instead of valves. The Microcomputer Revolution (1970s)The microprocessor was invented in 1971 by Intel, paving the way for the personal computer revolution. The Mikrocomputer Intel 4004, also known as the "Chipset", was the first commercially successful microprocessor. This was followed by the Apple II in 1977, which popularized the use of microcomputers. The Birth of the Internet (1960s)The need for communication between computers led to the development of packet switching technology, which formed the basis for the Internet. ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense in 1969, is considered the forerunner of today's internet. The Digital Age (1980s)The development of digital signal processing (DSP) and digital signal processors (DSPs) in the 1980s ushered in a new era of computer technology. DSPs allowed for more advanced signal processing capabilities leading to a range of new applications such as digital audio and video, as well as telecommunications and automation control systems. The Rise of Graphical User Interface (GUI) (1980s)The development of the graphical user interface (GUI) by Xerox PARC in the 1970s revolutionized computer use. The GUI made computers much easier to use, paving the way for a wider adoption of personal computers. Microsoft's Windows operating system became hugely successful, spurring a wave of innovation in software development. The World Wide Web (1990s)Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web in 1990 marked a significant milestone in computer history. The web allowed for easy access and sharing of information on a global scale, kick-starting the information age and leading to a boom in e-commerce and online activities. The Age of Cloud Computing (2000s)Cloud computing, enabled by reliable internet connections and low-cost data centers, has transformed data storage and processing. Services such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure have made it possible to outsource data storage and processing needs, providing flexibility and scalability to enterprises without massive upfront infrastructure investments. The Advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1950s)The concept of artificial intelligence was first introduced in the 1950s, and since then it has become an integral part of modern computing. AI has enabled computers to perform tasks that were once exclusive to humans, such as language translation,
