钱学森介绍英文PPT
Qian Xuesen (or Hsue-shen Tsien, alias John Tkachev) is a Chinese-born aerosp...
Qian Xuesen (or Hsue-shen Tsien, alias John Tkachev) is a Chinese-born aerospace scientist, educator, diplomat, and one of the founding fathers of the People's Republic of China's missile and space programs. He is widely regarded as the "Father of China's Missile and Space Development" and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the Chinese aerospace industry.Education and Early CareerBorn in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on October 1, 1911, Qian Xuesen entered the Engineering Department of Zhejiang University in Hangzhou in 1929 and received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1934. After graduation, he taught as a part-time lecturer in the department and published many academic papers. Qian's exceptional skills and interests in scientific research gradually gained him recognition from his peers. In 1935, he was selected to participate in the third year of the national high-level math competition, which was organized by the National Mathematics Society. He was awarded a full scholarship and was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering at Shanghai Jiaotong University to pursue graduate studies.In 1936, Qian Xuesen went to the United States to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He received a master's degree in aeronautical engineering in 1938 and then continued his doctoral studies at MIT's School of Aeronautics. Qian completed his Ph.D. degree in aeronautical engineering in 1940 under the supervision of Professor Theodore von Kármán, a world-renowned expert in aerospace engineering. His doctoral thesis, "The Application of the Jet Propulsion to Space Flight", was published in a series of articles in the Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences , making him one of the first few Chinese to publish their research results in this field.Career DevelopmentAfter returning to China in 1940, Qian Xuesen taught at the Central University of Chongqing and became an associate professor at the department of aeronautical engineering. He also served as the head of the department's flight mechanics research group and conducted research on topics such as flight stability and control. However, due to his interests and expertise, Qian gradually realized that China's modern aviation industry lagged far behind foreign countries and was not able to meet national needs. Therefore, he decided to return to the United States for further research and development.In 1945, Qian Xuesen returned to MIT as a research scientist under von Kármán and continued his research on high-speed gas dynamics and hypersonic flight. In 1947, he was promoted to an assistant professor at MIT and was responsible for teaching courses such as "Aerodynamics". He also led a group of researchers to conduct research on rocket propulsion technology, stratospheric airplanes, ramjet engines, and other cutting-edge technologies. This period laid a solid foundation for Qian's later work in China's missile and space programs.In 1955, Qian Xuesen returned to China with his family and accepted an invitation from the Chinese government to join its atomic energy program. He became a founding member of the No. 20th Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense (now part of the Second Academy of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry) and led research on missiles and rockets. Over the next few years, Qian organized a team of experts to carry out research and development on China's first missile—the DF-1—and successfully launched it into space on October 10, 1960. This marked China's entry into the field of missiles and rockets independently developed by China. Qian Xuesen became known as the "father" of China's missiles and rockets for his contributions to this achievement.From the 1960s to the 1980s, Qian Xuesen successively served as a scientific advisor to the State Council, director of the Aerospace Technology Research Institute under the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, vice chairman of the Aerospace Industry Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Military Commission. He led China's space program through many difficult years and successfully developed many types of missiles and rockets that have made important contributions to China's national security and economic development. Qian's contributions to China's missile
